Varicella-zoster Virus (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 342)

over many decades. Importantly, these early observationssetthestagefortheremarkableprogressthathasbeenmadeinour understandingofthemolecularbiologyofVZV,thesubtletiesofitstropismfor differentiatedhumancells,includinglymphocytesaswellasskinandneurons,and themechanismsbywhichthevirusachievesanequilibriumwiththehostsothatit persistsnotjustintheindividualbutinthehumanpopulation. v vi Preface Thepurposeofthisvolumeistoreviewkeyareasofprogressinthe?eldofVZV research,aswellasworkontherelatedSVV,writtenbythosewhohavecontributed manyofthenew?ndingsthathaveenrichedourknowledgeoftheuniquech- acteristicsofthisubiquitoushumanpathogen. AlthoughtheVZVgenomeisthe smallestamongthehumanherpesviruses,therapidlyacceleratingpaceofdiscovery about VZV and VZV–host interactions re?ected in these reviews promises to continueasnewtoolsareavailableandnewhypothesesaregeneratedtoexplain howVZVhascreatedandmaintaineditsnicheinthehuman“virome”sos- cessfully. Further improvements in the clinical management of VZV infection shouldemergeinparallelwithbetterinsightsintoVZVmolecularvirologyand pathogenesis. Stanford,CA,June,2010 AllisonAbendroth AnnM. Arvin JenniferF. Moffat Contents TheVaricella-ZosterVirusGenome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JeffreyI. Cohen VZVMolecularEpidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 JudithBreuer RolesofCellularTranscriptionFactorsinVZVReplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 WilliamT. Ruyechan EffectsofVaricella-ZosterVirusonCellCycleRegulatoryPathways . . . 67 JenniferF. MoffatandRebeccaJ. Greenblatt Varicella-ZosterVirusOpenReadingFrame66ProteinKinase andItsRelationshiptoAlphaherpesvirusUS3Kinases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 AngelaErazoandPaulR. Kinchington VZVORF47SerineProteinKinaseandItsViralSubstrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 TeriK. KenyonandCharlesGrose OverviewofVaricella-ZosterVirusGlycoproteinsgC,gHandgL . . . . . . 113 CharlesGrose,JohnE. Carpenter,WallenJackson,andKarenM. Duus AnalysisoftheFunctionsofGlycoproteinsEandIandTheirPromoters DuringVZVReplicationInVitroandinSkinandT-CellXenografts intheSCIDMouseModelofVZVPathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 AnnM. Arvin,StefanOliver,MikeReichelt,JenniferF. Moffat, MarvinSommer,LeighZerboni,andBarbaraBerarducci Varicella-ZosterVirusGlycoproteinM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 YasukoMoriandTomohikoSadaoka vii viii Contents VaricellaZosterVirusImmuneEvasionStrategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 AllisonAbendroth,PaulR. Kinchington,andBarrySlobedman VZVInfectionofKeratinocytes:ProductionofCell-FreeInfectious VirionsInVivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 MichaelD. GershonandAnneA. Gershon Varicella-ZosterVirusTCellTropismandthePathogenesis ofSkinInfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 AnnM. Arvin,JenniferF. Moffat,MarvinSommer,StefanOliver, XibingChe,SusanVleck,LeighZerboni,andChia-ChiKu ExperimentalModelstoStudyVaricella-ZosterVirusInfection ofNeurons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 MeganSteain,BarrySlobedman,andAllisonAbendroth MolecularCharacterizationofVaricellaZosterVirusinLatently InfectedHumanGanglia:PhysicalStateandAbundanceofVZV DNA,QuantitationofViralTranscriptsandDetection ofVZV-Speci?cProteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 YevgeniyAzarkh,DonGilden,andRandallJ. Cohrs NeurologicalDiseaseProducedbyVaricellaZosterVirusReactivation WithoutRash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read more